<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>UMR&#256O SI&#7748GH MAJ&#298&#7788H&#298&#256 (1870-1954)</TITLE>
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<p class="C1">&#65279UMR&#256O SI&#7748GH MAJ&#298&#7788H&#298&#256 (1870-1954), born at Maj&#299&#7789h&#257, a village in Amritsar district, was the eldest son of R&#257j&#257 S&#363rat Si&#7749gh Maj&#299&#7789h&#299&#257. Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh went to school at Amritsar and later joined the Aitchison College, Lahore. He was married to Narindar Kum&#257r&#299, daughter of Gul&#257b Si&#7749gh of A&#7789&#257r&#299. Together they visited England in 1896. They went again in 1897 to attend the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. As head of the Maj&#299&#7789h&#257 family, Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh was privileged to attend the Coronation <i>darb&#257rs</i> in 1903 and 1910. But the feeling that he belonged to a subject race always weighed heavily on his mind. Although he had many friends among the English, he kept virtually aloof amid all social glitter. He began to be looked upon with suspicion by the British and, in secret official correspondence, he was termed disaffected.'</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh's second wife, Madame Antoinette, was a Hungarian lady whom he had met in Lahore at the house of Princess Sofia Duleep Si&#7749gh. He married her in 1911. In the autumn of 1912, he went with her to Budapest. While he was still there, World War I broke out and he found himself stranded in an 'enemy' country. Owing partly to his being a man of culture and intellect and partly on account of his wife not having abjured her Hungarian nationality, he was not interned. He had his sympathies with the India-Germany group, then conspiring against the British. The Germans aimed to use this group to raise troops to invade India through the northwest. R&#257j&#257 Mahendra Part&#257p was chosen to head the movement an expedition under Von Hentig, equipped with a personal letter from Kaiser William II to the King of Afghanistan and letters from German Government to various ruling princes of India, was despatched in 1915 along with R&#257j&#257 Mahendra Part&#257p, to travel overland to K&#257bul. Their plan was to win over Afghanistan and march a German Af<u>gh</u>&#257n army into India. Mahendra Part&#257p was in touch with Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh who was related to him through the A&#7789&#257r&#299 family. In the autumn of 1915, the fortunes of the war hung in the balance evenly. From Ba<u>gh</u>d&#257d Mahendra Part&#257p wrote a letter to Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh which made him feel as if his friend had begun to waver.</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh wrote to him a long letter to lift his morale. The letter, unfortunately, fell into the hands of the British. The Germans had a liaison office at Sh&#299r&#257z. In the winter of 1916-17, the German party had to escape precipitately leaving behind all their baggage. Among the papers then seized by the British was Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh's letter. Complicity of Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh in anti-British activities could no longer be in doubt. Steps were initiated in India to confiscate all his estates. Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh returned to India in l921, after the general amnesty had been granted by the king for political offences during the war.</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh eschewed politics for the rest of his life. From 1929 to 1934, he lived in Paris for the education of his two daughers, Amrit&#257 and Indir&#257. It was during this period that Amrit&#257 Sher-gil got the training in art that was to make her a world famous painter. The family finally returned to India in 1934. Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh had his estate in Gorakhpur, in Uttar Pradesh, and had built a house in Summer Hill, Shiml&#257, where he spent most of his time amidst his vast collection of books. The death of their daughter Amrit&#257 in 1941 was a tremendous shock. His wife, Antoinette, passed away in 1948. Umr&#257o Si&#7749gh died in Delhi on 17 December 1954.</p>
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<p class="BIB">
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> N. Iqbal Singh, <i>Amrita Sher-gil : A Biography</i>. Delhi, 1984<BR>
<li class="C1"> Khandalavala, Karl, <i>Amrita Sher-gil</i>. Bombay, 1944<BR>
<li class="C1"> Griffin Lepel, and C.F. Massy, <i>Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab</i>. Lahore, 1940<BR>
</ol><p class="CONT">Royal Roseberry; J.<br></p><BR>
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