ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>TW&#256R&#298KH-I-AHMAD&#298</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279<i>TW&#256R&#298<u>KH</u>-I-AHMAD&#298</i>, or T&#257r&#299kh-i-Ahmad, is a book written by Abdul Kar&#299m Alav&#299 and published by Mustaf&#257&#299 Press, Lucknow, in 1850. Alav&#299 was a prolific writer and his works include besides many translations from Arabic into Persian, the <i>Tar&#299<u>kh</u>-i-Ahmad</i> which became the most popular of his works and was translated into Urdu under the title <i>Waqi&#257t-i-Durr&#257n&#299</i> and published by Niz&#257m&#299 Press, Cawnpore (now K&#257npur) in 1875. The style is simple and lucid and not cumbersome and he refrained from ornate phraseology to praise Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299 for his achievements. He did not use derogatory language against the opponents of Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299, and narrated the events faithfully.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commencing with the genealogy of Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299, he narrated the achievements of the Sh&#257h in detail and his successors in brief up to the assassination of Sh&#257h Shuj&#257'. He gave the details of battles of Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299 with the Sikhs.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The author has given a detailed description of the five Do&#257bs of the Punjab and has described the famous rivers, passages and important cities of these Do&#257bs. The historical value of the work is great as several of the geographical facts have changed over the years. About one hundred and fifty years earlier the River R&#257v&#299 used to flow adjacent to the Fort of Lahore and there were separate routes from Emin&#257b&#257d to Lahore and Amritsar.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The author has described the stages in travelling from Pesh&#257war to K&#257bul, K&#257bul to Qandah&#257r, Qandah&#257r to Her&#257t and Her&#257t to Chist. He has mentioned the distance between various stages and the time spent while travelling from one stage to another and the facilities available along each route. The traders and the troops travelled through these stages, and made halts there.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;While writing about the history of the Durr&#257n&#299s, the author has narrated some interesting events. He writes that during the reign of Sh&#257h Jah&#257n, 'Al&#299 Mardan <u>Kh</u>&#257n, Viceroy of Lahore, planned the Sh&#257l&#257m&#257r Gardens. He has also recorded that never a person suffered from small pox at Qandah&#257r.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1">Kirpal Singh ed., <i>A Catalogue of Persian and Sanskrit Manuscripts</i>. Amritsar, 1962<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Bhagat Si&#7749gh<br></p><BR> </font><img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""></HTML></BODY>