ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>&#7788&#298K&#256</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="l*K"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279&#7788&#298K&#256, derived from the root <i>&#7789&#299k</i>, a loan word from the aboriginal languages, meaning 'to mark' or 'to explain', signifies commentary, exegesis or explanation, especially of a scriptural text. Originally meant to provide a simple paraphrase of the spiritual and mystical revelations, a <i>&#7789&#299k&#257</i> may now embrace an exhaustive analysis and interpretation of the text. Such <i>&#7789&#299k&#257s</i> and commentaries have been part of the Indian religious tradition since ancient times. In tracing the history, reference is made to Y&#257ska Mun&#299 (circa 700 BC) who mentions in his <i>Nirukta</i> numerous preceding commentators of the sacred scriptures. During AD 800 to 1500, a large number of <i>&#7789&#299k&#257s</i> were written on B&#257dar&#257ya&#7751a's <i>Brahmas&#363tra</i> and on the <i>Bh&#257gavad-g&#299t&#257</i> by scholars holding different views and proffering different interpretations of the works. Every new interpretation of a text gave birth to a new school of thought which subsequently developed in some cases, into a new and independent sect. In the Sikh tradition, interpretation of the Gur&#363s' word and teaching had begun contemporaneously with them and among written works instances can be cited of the expository verse of Bh&#257&#299 Gurd&#257s (d.1636) and the prose discourses of Miharb&#257n (1581-1640). The first regular <i>&#7789&#299k&#257s</i> to appear were those of the Ud&#257s&#299 <i>s&#257dh&#363</i> &#256nandghana who wrote during 1795-1802 commentaries of <i>Japu, &#256rat&#299, Oa&#7749k&#257r</i> and <i>Siddha Gos&#7789i</i>. He was followed by Santokh Si&#7749gh (<i>Garbgañjan&#299 &#7789&#299k&#257</i>) and T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh Narotam (<i>&#7788&#299k&#257 Gur&#363 Bh&#257v D&#299pik&#257</i>). A major exegetical work was a commentary encompassing the entire Sikh Scripture, the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib, which was commissioned by R&#257j&#257 Bikram Si&#7749gh, ruler of the princely state of Far&#299dko&#7789. The work completed in 1883 is popularly known as the <i>Far&#299dko&#7789 &#7788&#299k&#257</i>. Two other full-scale <i>&#7789&#299k&#257s</i> of the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib are <i>Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib Darpa&#7751</i> by Professor S&#257hib Si&#7749gh and <i>Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib J&#299 Sa&#7789ik</i> by Gi&#257n&#299 Bishan Si&#7749gh. Bh&#257&#299 V&#299r Si&#7749gh, the famous poet and savant, launched another <i>&#7789&#299k&#257</i> of the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib, though he did not live to complete it. He had covered 607 pages of the original texts and his work has been published in seven volumes.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1">T&#257ran Si&#7749gh, <i>Gurb&#257&#7751&#299 d&#299&#257&#7749 Vi&#257khi&#257 Pran&#257l&#299&#257&#7749</i>. Patiala, n.d.<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">T&#257ran Si&#7749gh<br></p><BR> </font><img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""></HTML></BODY>