ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>TAIM&#362R SH&#256H (1746-1793)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="TAIMjR,SHH,Person,Person"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279TAIM&#362R SH&#256H (1746-1793), son and successor of Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299, was born in December 1746 at Mashhad, in Iran, where his father was in the service of N&#257dir Sh&#257h. Taim&#363r was educated at home and received practical training in the art of warfare by accompanying his father on many of his expeditions. He was present in Delhi in January 1757 during Ahmad Sh&#257h's fourth inroad into India. In February 1757, Taim&#363r was married at the age of ten to the daughter of the Mu<u>gh</u>al Emperor, '&#256lamg&#299r II. While heading a detachment carrying booty from Delhi in March the same year, he was deprived of a large part of it by &#256l&#257 Si&#7749gh, founder of the Pa&#7789i&#257l&#257 dynasty, and other Sikh <i>sard&#257rs</i> at Sanaur and M&#257lerko&#7789l&#257. In May 1757, Taim&#363r was appointed viceroy of the Punjab by his father with Jah&#257n <u>Kh</u>&#257n, the commander-in-chief, as his guardian and deputy. After the departure of Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299, Taim&#363r and Jah&#257n <u>Kh</u>&#257n directed their attention towards chastising the Sikhs who had not been fully subdued. Their stronghold at Amritsar, R&#257m Rau&#7751&#299, was attacked and razed to the ground, the sacred tank was filled up and the Harimandar and other places of worship were defiled. The Sikhs angered by the sacrilege, ravaged the whole country around Lahore. Taim&#363r engaged them on several occasions but was worsted each time. After an year's stay in the Punjab, he was eventually driven out by the combined forces of the Sikhs, the Mar&#257&#7789h&#257s and &#256d&#299n&#257 Beg <u>Kh</u>&#257n in April 1758.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taim&#363r became the ruler of Afghanistan in 1773 after the death of his father, Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299. He shifted his capital from Qandah&#257r to K&#257bul. The possessions of the Sikhs extended at this time from Sah&#257ranpur in the east to Attock in the west, and from Mult&#257n and Sindh in the south, to K&#257ng&#7771&#257, Jamm&#363 and Bhimbar in the north. Taim&#363r Sh&#257h made several attempts to recover his lost territories and consolidate his empire, but all he could do was to hold on to Kashm&#299r and eject the Bha&#7749g&#299 <i>sard&#257rs</i> from M&#363lt&#257n.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taim&#363r Sh&#257h died in K&#257bul on 18 May 1793.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Ganda Singh, <i>Ahmad Sh&#257h Durr&#257n&#299</i>. Bombay, 1959<BR> <li class="C1"> Gupta, Hari Ram, <i>History of the Sikhs</i>, vol. II. Delhi, 1978<BR> <li class="C1"> Sarkar, Jadunath, <i>Fall of the Mughal Empire</i>, vol. II. Delhi, 1971<BR> <li class="C1"> Khushwant Singh, <i>A History of the Sikhs</i>, vol. I. Princeton, 1963<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Gurdev Si&#7749gh Deol<br></p><BR> </font><img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""></HTML></BODY>