ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>NIZ&#256M UD-D&#298N (d. 1802)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="NIZM,D*N"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279NIZ&#256M UD-D&#298N (d. 1802), the Pa&#7789h&#257n chief of Kas&#363r and a tributary of the Bha&#7749g&#299 <i>sard&#257rs</i>, overthrew his allegiance to the Sikhs and submitted to Sh&#257h Zam&#257n, the king of Afghanistan, when the latter invaded India in January 1797. Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n took possession of the forts evacuated by the Sikhs. During Sh&#257h Zam&#257n's next invasion in November 1798, he presented a <i>nazar</i> to him and entreated that he be appointed governor of the Punjab for a tribute of 5, 00, 000 rupees annually which proposition was not acceptable to the Sh&#257h. On the retirement of Sh&#257h Zam&#257n in 1799, Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n tried in vain to persuade the Muslim citizens of Lahore to accept him as their ruler, but they rejected the proposal and invited Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh instead to take possession of the city. In 1800 Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n joined hands with the Bha&#7749g&#299s. They jointly challenged Ra&#7749j&#299t Si&#7749gh at Bhas&#299n, near Lahore, but were repulsed. Soon thereafter Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh sent an expedition against Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n under Fateh Si&#7749gh K&#257lia&#7749v&#257l&#257, who laid siege to the town of Kas&#363r. In the florid Persian of the court diarist Sohan L&#257l S&#363r&#299: "Like a moth, Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n fell upon the lamp of the glory of the armies, burnt his wings and having failed to carry on the open battle, became besieged." Niz&#257m ud-D&#299n sued for peace, paid a heavy indemnity and agreed to become a tributary of Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh. In 1802, he was assassinated by his own brother-in-law.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> S&#363r&#299, Sohan L&#257l, '<i>Umd&#257t ut-Tw&#257r&#299<u>kh</u></i>. Lahore, 1885-89<BR> <li class="C1"> Griffin, Lepel and C.F. Massy, <i>Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab</i>. Lahore, 1940<BR> <li class="C1"> Latif, Syad Muhammad, <i>History of the Panjab</i>. Lahore, 1891<BR> <li class="C1"> Bhagat Singh, <i>Maharaja Ranjit Si&#7749gh and His Times</i>. Delhi, 1990<BR> <li class="C1"> Khushwant Singh, <i>Ranjit Singh, Maharajah of the Punjab</i>. Bombay, 1973<BR> <li class="C1"> Harbans Singh, <i>Maharaja Ranjit Singh</i>. Delhi, 1980<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Har&#299 R&#257m Gupta<br></p><BR> </font><img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""></HTML></BODY>