ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>KART&#256R SI&#7748GH KAL&#256SV&#256L&#298&#256 GI&#256N&#298 (1882-1952)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="KARTR,SIDGH,KALSVL*,GIN*,Person,Person"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279KART&#256R SI&#7748GH KAL&#256SV&#256L&#298&#256, GI&#256N&#298 (1882-1952), theologian, poet and historian who started a new line in modern Punjabi verse making a departure from the traditional love romance or lays of heroic poetry in <i>Braj</i> or Hindi-ized Punjabi, was born in 1882 in Kal&#257sv&#257l&#257, a village in Pasr&#363r <i>tahs&#299l</i> of Sialko&#7789 district, now in Pakistan. Hence the epithet Kal&#257sv&#257l&#299&#257. Kart&#257r Si&#7749gh mastered scripture-reading in the village <i>gurdw&#257r&#257</i> and joined the 47th Sikh Battalion, later 4th Battalion of the 11th Sikh Regiment, as a <i>granth&#299</i> or Sikh religious teacher. After leaving the army, he became a <i>granth&#299</i> at the Darb&#257r S&#257hib at Amritsar, rising subsequently to the position of head <i>granth&#299</i>. An avid reader of Sikh historical texts and blessed with a natural flare for poetry, he assigned himself to the task of composing a comprehensive history of the Sikhs in verse. This had been done earlier by Bh&#257&#299 Santokh Si&#7749gh, Ratan Si&#7749gh Bha&#7749g&#363 and Gi&#257n&#299 Gi&#257n Si&#7749gh but their language was dominated by extensive admixture of Braj idiom; hence not easily intelligible to Punjabi readers. Kart&#257r Si&#7749gh used current Punjabi in his poetry. His favourite prosodic metre was <i>bait</i>, popularized by Punjabi romances such as <i>H&#299r</i> by W&#257ris Sh&#257h. Not that he did not try his hand at other metres. His voluminous biography of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh, <i>Sr&#299 Kalg&#299dhar Darshan</i>, is in the <i>doh&#257-chaupa&#299</i> style of Tulas&#299's <i>R&#257m&#257ya&#7751a</i>, and he successfully uses the indigenous Punjabi <i>v&#257r</i>, or <i>pau&#7771&#299</i> style, in two of his minor works, <i>Sard&#257rn&#299 Jh&#257l&#257 Kaur</i> and <i>Bh&#257&#299 Kaly&#257&#7751&#257. Pau&#7771&#299s</i> and <i>Kabitts</i> are used in <i>V&#257r&#257&#7749 Dharam Shah&#299d&#257&#7749</i>. His total work spread over more th&#257n 40 books covers the entire gamut of Sikh history, but the various volumes were not written in chronological order. The exact sequence of his compositions is not easy to determine. A complete list of his works is given below:</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) In verse</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. <i>Nira&#7749k&#257r&#299 Jot</i> (Biography of Gur&#363 N&#257nak)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <i>Hitk&#257r&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 A&#7749gad Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. <i>D&#257t&#257r&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Amar Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. <i>Uji&#257r&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 R&#257m D&#257s Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. <i>J&#257gad&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Arjan Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <i>Dalbh&#257njan&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Kha&#7771agesh Prak&#257sh) </i> (on Gur&#363 Hargobind)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. <i>Upk&#257r&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Har&#299 R&#257i Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. <i>D&#299d&#257r&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Hari Krishan Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. <i>Narañja&#7751&#299 Jot (Prasa&#7749g Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. <i>Ak&#257l&#299 Jot (Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Dasmesh Prak&#257sh</i> later revised as <i>Sr&#299 Dush&#7789 Daman Prak&#257sh) </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. <i>Nirbhai Yodh&#257</i> (Exploits of Band&#257 (Si&#7749gh) Bah&#257dur)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. <i>Aj&#299t Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Covering the period after Band&#257 (Si&#7749gh) Bah&#257dur)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13. <i>Jauhar Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Sikhs and M&#299r Mann&#363)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. <i>Prak&#257sh Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (The Sikh Misls)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. <i>Sark&#257r Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. <i>Darb&#257r Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Decline and end of Sikh rule)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17. <i>Bet&#257j Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Exile and end of Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Duleep Si&#7749gh and Mah&#257r&#257&#7751&#299 Jinda&#7749)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18. <i>Daler Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Sard&#257r Har&#299 Si&#7749gh Nalv&#257)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19. <i>Sudh&#257r Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Gurdw&#257r&#257 Reform movement)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. <i>B&#299r Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Gur&#363 k&#257 Ba<u>gh</u> <i>morch&#257</i>)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21. <i>Sr&#299 Kalg&#299dhar Darshan</i> (Life of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh in epic style (<i>doh&#257r&#257-chaupa&#299</i>)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22. <i>Prat&#257p Kh&#257ls&#257</i> (Naw&#257b Kap&#363r Si&#7749gh)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23. <i>Dasames Dul&#257re</i> (Martyrdom of the four sons of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24. <i>V&#257r&#257&#7749 Dharam Shah&#299d&#257&#7749</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25. <i>Si&#7749ghan&#299&#257&#7749 d&#257 Sidak</i> (Torture and martyrdom of Sikh women under M&#299r Mann&#363)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;26. <i>Kh&#363n-i-Sh&#257h&#299d&#257&#7749</i> (The Nank&#257&#7751&#257 S&#257hib tragedy)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27. <i>B&#257be d&#299 Ber</i> (The Gurdw&#257r&#257 Reform movement at Si&#257lko&#7789)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28. <i>Kh&#363n&#299 S&#257l d&#299&#257&#7749 Kh&#363n&#299 Hol&#299&#257&#7749</i> (The 1947 holocaust)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;29. <i>Gy&#257n Prak&#257sh arth&#257t Zindag&#299 Sudh&#257r</i> (On spiritual knowledge, moral teachings and political policy)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30. <i>R&#363p Basant</i> (A popular folk tale)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;31. <i>Prahl&#257d Bhagat</i> (A traditional story)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32. <i>Sard&#257rn&#299 Jh&#257l&#257 Kaur</i> (Stories from Sikh tradition composed in verse for singing by <i>&#7693h&#257&#7693h&#299s</i>)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33. <i>Bh&#257&#299 Kaly&#257&#7751&#257</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;34. <i>Na&#7693&#7693he d&#299 N&#257r</i> (Didactic fiction in verse against unmatched child-marriage)</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) In prose</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;35. <i>Mah&#257r&#257&#7751&#299 Shakuntal&#257</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36. <i>Jamraud</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37. <i>Gagan Dam&#257m&#257</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;38. <i>Y&#257ra&#7771e d&#257 Satthar</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;39. <i>B&#257b&#257 Bu&#7693&#7693h&#257 J&#299</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40. <i>Dukh Bhañjan&#299</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41. <i>S&#257hib Kaur </i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42. <i>Mah&#257r&#257&#7751&#299 Jind&#257&#7749</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;43. <i>B&#257b&#257 Ph&#363l&#257 Si&#7749gh Ak&#257l&#299</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;44. <i>K&#257le P&#257&#7751&#299</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;45. <i>Gol&#299 Chald&#299 Ga&#299</i></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gi&#257n&#299 Kart&#257r Si&#7749gh K&#257l&#257sv&#257l&#299&#257 died at his residence in K&#363ch&#257 B&#257<u>gh</u>v&#257l&#257, Amritsar, on 22 February 1952.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"><i>Pañj&#257b&#299 Prak&#257shn&#257&#7749 d&#299 S&#363ch&#299</i>, vol.I. Patiala, 1953<BR> <li class="C1"> Barrier, N.G., <i>The Sikhs and Their Literature</i>. Delhi, 1970<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Sant Si&#7749gh Sekho&#7749<br></p><BR> </font><img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""></HTML></BODY>