<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>J&#298VAN SI&#7748GH BH&#256&#298 (1649-1705)</TITLE>
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<p class="C1">&#65279J&#298VAN SI&#7748GH, BH&#256&#298 (1649-1705), Bh&#257&#299 Jait&#257 before he had received the rites of initiation at the hands of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh in 1699, was a Sikh belonging to the scavenger caste who was given by Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh the epithet of 'Ra&#7749ghare&#7789&#257 Gur&#363 K&#257 Be&#7789&#257' (the young man of the Ra&#7749gha&#7771 caste is the Gur&#363's own son) when he brought the severed head of Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur from Delhi where he was executed under the orders of the emperor. Bh&#257&#299 Jait&#257 was born on 30 November 1649 to mother Karmo and father Sad&#257 Chand. At the time of his birth, he was named J&#257g Chand, shortened to J&#257g&#363 or Jot&#257. He and his younger brother Bh&#257g Chand, also called Bh&#257g&#363, were the disciples of Gur&#363 Har R&#257i, N&#257nak VII. From K&#299ratpur, in the &#346iv&#257lik hills, where the Gur&#363 then resided, they shifted, along with their parents, to the village of Jha&#7751&#7693&#257 R&#257md&#257s where they stayed with Bh&#257&#299 Gurditt&#257 (1625-1675), the great-great-grandson of Bh&#257&#299 Bu&#7693&#7693h&#257. As Bh&#257&#299 Gurditt&#257 was detained in Delhi following the arrest of Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur, Jait&#257 was sent by the family to bring news of him. He was in Delhi when Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur was beheaded in a public thoroughfare (11 November 1675), and as no one came forward to claim the bodily remains for fear of reprisals, he succeeded in evading the guards and escaping with the severed head to Anandpur where he was received with much honour by Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh. He thereafter lived at Anandpur, becoming the first <i>nag&#257rch&#299</i> or beater of drum when the Gur&#363 set up the Ra&#7751j&#299t Nag&#257r&#257.</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;	In 1691, he was married to R&#257j Kaur daughter of Suj&#257n Si&#7749gh of the village of Ri&#257&#7771, near Amritsar, and had four sons born of him. He received the rites of initiation when Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh inaugurated the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 on 30 March 1699. Jait&#257 was now renamed J&#299van Si&#7749gh. He became famous as a marksman and trained the two elder sons of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh in the art of warfare. He himself took part in all of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh's battles against the hill chiefs and the Mu<u>gh</u>als.</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;	Bh&#257&#299 J&#299van Si&#7749gh fell a martyr in the battle of Chamkaur on 7 December 1705. A <i>burj</i> or a tower stands on the site as a monument to his memory.</p>
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<p class="BIB">
BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Sen&#257pati, Kavi, <i>Sr&#299 Gur Sobh&#257</i>. Patiala, 1980<BR>
<li class="C1"> Kuir Si&#7749gh, <i>Gurbil&#257s P&#257tsh&#257h&#299 10</i>. Patiala, 1968<BR>
<li class="C1"> Santokh Si&#7749gh, Bh&#257&#299, <i>Sr&#299 Gur Prat&#257p S&#363raj Granth</i>. Amritsar, 1927-33<BR>
<li class="C1"> Gurmukh Si&#7749gh, <i>Bh&#257&#299 Jait&#257: J&#299van te Rachn&#257</i>. Ludhiana, 1994<BR>
<li class="C1"><i>A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab</i>. Patiala, 1970<BR>
<li class="C1"> Harbans Singh, <i>Guru Tegh Bahadur</i>. Delhi, 1982<BR>
</ol><p class="CONT">A. C. Banerjee<br></p><BR>
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