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<p class="C1">&#65279<i>IM&#256D US-SA'&#256DAT</i>, a chronicle in Persian, composed at the instance of Col. John Baillie, British Resident at Lucknow, by <u>Gh</u>ul&#257m 'Al&#299 Naqv&#299, of R&#257e Barel&#299, in 1808 containing accounts of the Naw&#257bs of Oudh from Sa'&#257dat <u>Kh</u>&#257n to Sa'&#257dat 'Al&#299 <u>Kh</u>&#257n, besides those of the Mar&#257&#7789h&#257s, the Ruh&#299l&#257s, the Af<u>gh</u>&#257ns, the J&#257&#7789s and the Sikhs. The book was lithographed at the Nawal Kishore Press of K&#257npur in 1864. The manuscript in the Oriental Public Library, Pa&#7789n&#257, comprising 151 largesized folios with 21 lines to a page, and written in, <i>nasta'l&#299q</i>, is broken up into sections with subject headings given in red. As for the Sikhs, the author tells us about their growing power, territorial possessions, and some characteristic features of their faith. After referring to Godknowing, everworshipping, piously B&#257b&#257 N&#257nak, a Bed&#299 Khatr&#299, full of wise sayings, of otherworldly attitude, and a saint of the highest grade of mysticism, he writes about two different kinds of his followers, the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 of unshorn locks and the <u>Kh</u>ul&#257s&#257 of shorn hair. There is a reference to the Suthr&#257 Sh&#257h&#299 sect, dating 'from the time of Gur&#363 Hargobind, and their play with coloured wooden sticks which they called &#7692a&#7751&#7693e N&#257nak Sh&#257h. According to the writer, the tendency among the Sikhs to create commotions for annexing territory and devastating cities, towns and villages had become more intensified in later times with the result that the whole of the Punjab up to Mult&#257n, and the land within 47 <i>kos</i> (about 112 km) of Delhi, had passed under the control of chiefs drawn mostly from low classes like carpenters, leatherworkers, Ja&#7789&#7789s, etc. Though bitterly opposed to tobacco-smoking, they were fond of <i>bha&#7749g</i> (hemp). Their salutation consisted of <i>v&#257h gur&#363 v&#257h fateh</i>. They made people to pay tributes from a rupee to a <i>lakh</i> for expenses for "Halv&#257 Ka&#7771&#257h" as oblation dedicated to B&#257b&#257 N&#257nak. Their army called Dal consisted of about 2 <i>lakh sow&#257rs</i>. Their blind fidelity to their Gur&#363s made them place their properties and even lives at their disposal. They were not confined only to the Punjab but were spread over the whole of Hindust&#257n from Delhi to Hyder&#257b&#257d, Calcutta and Kashm&#299r. The book is not free from factual errors or from bias. It accepts uncritically much that went round as mere gossip.</p>
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BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Kirpal Singh, <i>A Catalogue of Persian and Sanskrit Manuscripts</i>. Amritsar, 1962<BR>
<li class="C1"> Ganda Singh, <i>A Bibliography of the Punjab</i>. Patiala, 1966<BR>
</ol><p class="CONT">Syad Hasan Askar&#299<br></p><BR>
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