<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>HUM&#256Y&#362&#7748 NAS&#298R UD-D&#298N MUHAMMAD (1508-1556)</TITLE>
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<p class="C1">&#65279HUM&#256Y&#362&#7748, NAS&#298R UD-D&#298N MUHAMMAD (1508-1556), Mu<u>gh</u>al emperor of India, was born at K&#257bul on 6 March 1508, the eldest of the four sons of Zah&#299r ud-D&#299n Muhammad B&#257bar. Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 succeeded B&#257bar to the throne of Delhi in December 1530 at the age of 23, but his reign was beset with difficulties. B&#257bar had left an empire barely held by force of arms and lacking any consolidated civil administration. Though earlier Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 had served an apprenticeship as governor of Bada<u>kh</u>sh&#257&#7749, he did not have the sustained energy of his versatile father. Sher <u>Kh</u>&#257n S&#363r, an Af<u>gh</u>&#257n chief, who had been consolidating his power in south Bih&#257r, defeated him in a battle at Chaus&#257 on the Ganges, in 1540. Sher <u>Kh</u>&#257n again defeated Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 still more decisively opposite Kanauj, and then pursued the fleeing Mu<u>gh</u>als to Lahore. Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 became a homeless wanderer, first in Sindh, then in M&#257rv&#257&#7771, and then in Sindh again. In 1544, he reached Persia and was granted asylum by Sh&#257h Tahm&#257sp. In 1555, with Persian help, Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 invaded India where four S&#363r claimants were struggling for power. He occupied Delhi and &#256gr&#257 in July 1555, thus regaining his father's capital cities. But he was not destined to rule for long. An accidental fall from the staircase of his library at Delhi ended his troubled life in January 1556. His second reign lasted barely six months.</p>
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;	The story of Hum&#257y&#363&#7749's visit to the second Sikh Gur&#363, A&#7749gad, after having been defeated by Sher <u>Kh</u>&#257n S&#363r, is referred to in Sikh chronicles. It is recorded that Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 went to Kha&#7693&#363r to seek the Gur&#363's blessing. At the time of his visit, the Gur&#363 was in meditation and Hum&#257y&#363&#7749, impatiently waiting for the Gur&#363 to attend to him, was in a rage. As the tradition goes, he attempted to draw his sword to attack the Gur&#363. However, the sword would not come out of the scabbard. Meanwhile, the Gur&#363 came out of the trance and remarked that he should have drawn his sword against his enemies. Hum&#257y&#363&#7749 was repentant and craved forgiveness.</p>
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BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Smith Vincent, <i>The Oxford History of India</i>. Oxford, 1958<BR>
<li class="C1"> Beveridge, H., tr., <i>The Akbar Nama</i>. Delhi, 1989<BR>
<li class="C1"> Sharma, Sri Ram, <i>Religious Policy of the Mughal Emperors</i>. Bombay, 1962<BR>
</ol><p class="CONT">Sr&#299 R&#257m Sharma<br></p><BR>
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