ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>DOST MUHAMMAD KH&#256N AM&#298R (1791-1863)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="DOST,MUHAMMAD"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279DOST MUHAMMAD <u>KH</u>&#256N, AM&#298R (1791-1863), ruler of K&#257bul and Qand&#257h&#257r, was the son of Paind&#257 <u>Kh</u>&#257n (executed 1799), the B&#257rakza&#299 chief. Dost Muhammad's first engagement with the Sikhs was at Attock, the Af<u>gh</u>&#257n citadel, which had fallen into the hands of the Sikhs in June 1813. In the conflict which lasted three months, Dost Muhammad <u>Kh</u>&#257n, who himself led the attack in the battle of Haidr&#363, 8 km from Attock, was badly mauled by the Sikh force commanded by D&#299w&#257n Mohkam Chand. As a result of the fighting among the members of the Durr&#257n&#299 and B&#257rakza&#299 families, Dost Muhammad finally established himself in 1823 in K&#257bul, Kashm&#299r having been lost to the Sikhs in 1819. In 1833, Sh&#257h Shuj&#257', the dethroned king of Afghanistan, attempted to regain his throne, but he was defeated by Dost Muhammad <u>Kh</u>&#257n at Qand&#257h&#257r. In 1834, Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh annexed Pesh&#257war. Dost Muhammad <u>Kh</u>&#257n, resolved to recover the city, marched with an army to the <u>Kh</u>aibar Pass in 1835, but, fearing that the Sikh army would cut off his rear, retired towards K&#257bul. Dost Muhammad led out another expedition in 1837, and a fierce engagement took place at Jamr&#363d in which the Sikh general, Har&#299 Si&#7749gh Nalv&#257, was killed, but the fort of Jamr&#363d remained in the possession of the Sikhs. Soon afterwards, Dost Muhammad made overtures to the British soliciting their help for the recovery of Pesh&#257war. The British, however, decided to replace Sh&#257h Shuj&#257' on the K&#257bul throne. Dost Muhammad was defeated and exiled to Calcutta in November 1839. He was set free in November 1842, and re-established on the throne of K&#257bul. Dost Muhammad thereafter maintained cordial relations with the Sikhs and there was a regular exchange of embassies between the two governments. A representative of the Sikh kingdom was accredited to K&#257bul, while an agent of the Am&#299r was always present at Lahore. Dost Muhammad received the support of the Sikhs at the time of the treaty made at Pesh&#257war with the British governor-general, by which the independence of Afghanistan was recognized.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dost Muhammad <u>Kh</u>&#257n died at Her&#257t on 9 June 1863.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> S&#363r&#299, Sohan L&#257l, '<i>Umd&#257t-ut-Tw&#257r&#299<u>kh</u></i>'. Lahore, 1885<BR> <li class="C1"> Khushwant Si&#7749gh, <i>A History of the Sikhs</i>. Princeton, 1963, 1966<BR> <li class="C1"> Hasrat, Bikrama Jit, <i>Life and Times of Ranjit Singh</i>. Hoshiarpur, 1977<BR> <li class="C1"> Bhagat Singh, <i>Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times</i>. Delhi, 1990<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Sard&#257r Si&#7749gh Bh&#257&#7789&#299&#257<br></p><BR> </font> <img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""> </HTML></BODY>