ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>BAHR UL-MAWW&#256J (lit. stormy or tempestuous sea)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="BAHR,MAWWJ"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279BAHR UL-MAWW&#256J (lit. stormy or tempestuous sea), also known as <i>A<u>kh</u>b&#257r us-Sal&#257t&#299n</i>, is a comprehensive work on Muslim history divided into nine parts and 49 sections fancifully called <i>bahr</i> (sea) and waves (<i>mauj</i>) respectively, and hence the title. Its last part divided into six sections deals with Indian Timurides (i. e. the Mu<u>gh</u>als), with an account of N&#257dir Sh&#257h and the Durr&#257n&#299s down to 1796. Sir Henry Miers Elliot (1808-53) found a copy of the manuscript in the Library of the R&#257j&#257 of Ban&#257ras. Other copies condensed into three volumes are available in Oriental Public (<u>Kh</u>ud&#257 Ba<u>kh</u>sh) Library, B&#257&#7749k&#299pur Pa&#7789n&#257; Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin; and British Library, London. The author, Muhammad 'Al&#299 Ans&#257r&#299 (d. 1827), also wrote another book, <i>Tar&#299<u>kh</u>-i-Muzaffar&#299</i> which is at places a word-for-word copy of the last part of <i>Bahr ul-Maww&#257j</i>, but with many details added to the earlier text. References relevant to the Punjab and to Sikh history include martyrdom of the sons of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh; practices of the Sikhs; Mu<u>gh</u>al campaign against Band&#257 Si&#7749gh Bah&#257dur; struggle between the sons of Zakar&#299y&#257 <u>Kh</u>&#257n; Va&#7693&#7693&#257 Ghall&#363gh&#257r&#257 or the holocaust of 1762; Sikhs' relations with Z&#257bit&#257 <u>Kh</u>&#257n Ruh&#299l&#257; and the unsuccessful expedition of 'Abdul Ahd <u>Kh</u>&#257n against the cis-Sutlej Sikh chiefs in 1779.</p> </ol><p class="CONT">Syad Hasan Askar&#299<br></p><BR> </font> <img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""> </HTML></BODY>