ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>&#256S&#256</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="S"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279&#256S&#256, one of the thirty-one <i>r&#257gas</i> or musical measures into which compositions comprising the Sikh holy book, Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib, except the <i>Japu</i>, are cast and in which they are meant to be recited and sung. This <i>r&#257ga</i> is important in the Sikh system of music, and is said to have developed from the tune of a folk ballad <i>&#7788u&#7751&#7693e Asr&#257je d&#299 V&#257r </i>prescribed as the musical key for singing the Sikh morning liturgy, <i>As&#257 k&#299 V&#257r</i>. &#256s&#257var&#299 and &#256s&#257 K&#257f&#299 are two subsidiaries of &#256s&#257 employed in the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib. According to old texts, the tune As&#257 is appropriately sung during the second part of the night; however, in the Sikh tradition it is sung both early morning and in the evening. Also, more appropriately, it is assigned to the cold season and is meant to evoke a calm mystical mood. Although in the concluding section of the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib called <i>R&#257gam&#257l&#257</i> (q. v.), it is described as a <i>r&#257gin&#299</i>, feminine subsidiary of the parent <i>r&#257ga</i> Megh, it is employed in the main text as a full-fledged <i>r&#257ga</i>. By its structure and mood, it lends itself very well to rendering devotional songs and hymns. <i>Komal nish&#257d</i> and <i>Komal gandh&#257r</i>, made as <i>viv&#257d&#299</i> are employed in the movements of this <i>r&#257ga </i>. As&#257 is a crooked <i>r&#257ga</i> in that approaches to certain notes have to be made from a set position. The melodic structure of the <i>r&#257ga</i> is as under:</p> <blockquote class="C1"><p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Th&#257&#7789 = Bil&#257val</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J&#257ti = Au&#7771av, Samp&#363ra&#7751</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#256roh = Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Ne, Pa Dha Sa</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Av&#257roh = Sa Ne Dha Pa Ma Ga--Re Ga Sa</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paka&#7771 = Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Pa, Ma Ga Re, Ga Re Ga Sa</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</blockquote></p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Besides the Gur&#363s - Gur&#363 N&#257nak, Gur&#363 Amar D&#257s, Gur&#363 R&#257m D&#257s, Gur&#363 Arjan, and Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur - Kab&#299r, N&#257mdev, Ravid&#257s, Dhann&#257, and Far&#299d have composed hymns in this musical measure contained in the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Charan Si&#7749gh, <i>Sr&#299 Gur&#363 Gra&#7749th B&#257&#7751&#299 Beur&#257</i>. Amritsar, 1860<BR> <li class="C1"> Sundar Si&#7749gh, Bh&#257&#299, <i>Gurmat Sa&#7749g&#299t</i>. Amritsar, n. d.<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Dharam Si&#7749gh<br></p><BR> </font> <img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""> </HTML></BODY>