ÿþ<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>ANANDPUR (31º-13'N, 76º-32'E)</TITLE> <style type="text/css"> .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} .C1{text-align: justify;color: #0066CC;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} .CONT{text-align: right;color: #FF0000;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} </style><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="ANANDPUR"> <META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD> <BODY class="BODY" oncontextmenu="return false" ondragstart="return false" onselectstart="return false"> <FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma"> <p class="C1">&#65279ANANDPUR (31º-13'N, 76º-32'E), lit. City of Bliss, is situated on one of the lower spurs of the &#346iv&#257lik range in Ropa&#7771 district of the Punjab. Connected to the rest of the country by rail and road, it lies 31 km north of Ropa&#7771 (R&#363p Nagar) and 29 km south of Na&#7749gal Township. Being one of the supremely important pilgrimage centres of the Sikhs, it is reverently called Anandpur S&#257hib. Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib, one of the five Ta<u>kh</u>ts (lit. thrones) or seats of highest religious authority for Sikhs, and several other holy shrines are located here. Having been the abode of the last two Gur&#363s of the Sikhs for two score years, the town was witness to many a momentous event of Sikh history.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The foundation of Anandpur was laid by Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur (1621-75), N&#257nak IX, on 19 June 1665, on a piece of land, covering the ruined mound of an older village, M&#257<u>kh</u>ov&#257l, which the Gur&#363 had earlier purchased for this purpose from the R&#257jp&#363t hill state of Kahl&#363r (Bil&#257spur). He named the new habitation Chakk N&#257nak&#299 after his mother, and shifted here with his family from K&#299ratpur, 8 km south of it. But soon after, he set out on his extensive travels across the eastern parts. The development of Chakk N&#257nak&#299 was thus interrupted till after his return in 1672. The small habitation then grew into a flourishing town frequented by devotees from the Punjab and elsewhere. In May 1675, a group of Br&#257hma&#7751s from Kashm&#299r came to the Gur&#363 with their tale of woe. The burden of their submission was the religious persecution and forcible conversion which were the order of the day in Kashm&#299r under its Mu<u>gh</u>al governor. Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur resolved to go to Delhi, the Imperial capital, to have their grievance remedied, or to lay down his life in the cause of religious freedom. Naming his young son, Gobind D&#257s (Later, Si&#7749gh), hardly nine years of age, his spiritual successor, he set out on the journey, preaching the holy word in towns and villages he passed through. In Delhi, he was taken into custody, tortured and executed publicly under the orders of Emperor Aura&#7749gz&#299b in the Ch&#257ndn&#299 Chowk on 11 November 1675.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Back at Chakk N&#257nak&#299, the young successor, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh (1666-1708), received and cremated with exemplary courage and composure the severed head of his father, brought at great personal risk by a daring Sikh, Bh&#257&#299 Jait&#257. As he grew up, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh assumed a soldierly style which aroused the envy of the local ruler, R&#257j&#257 Bh&#299m Chand of Kahl&#363r. To avoid an early conflict, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh, accepting an invitation from the chief of another hill state, Sirm&#363r, to visit him, left Chakk N&#257nak&#299 in 1685 to stay at P&#257o&#7751&#7789&#257 on the bank of the Yamun&#257. After the battle of Bha&#7749g&#257&#7751&#299 (18 September 1688) fought against the combined force of R&#257jp&#363t hill monarchs, he returned to Chakk N&#257nak&#299, which he now renamed Anandpur after one of a ring of forts (Anandga&#7771h) which he, apprehending further trouble from the hill r&#257j&#257s, now undertook to raise. The forts were Kesga&#7771h, in the centre and Anandga&#7771h, Lohga&#7771h, Holga&#7771h, Fatehga&#7771h and T&#257r&#257ga&#7771h around it. Bh&#299m Chand and his son, Ajmer Chand of Kahl&#363r, had not shed their chagrin over the defeat they had suffered at Bha&#7749g&#257&#7751&#299 at the hands of the Gur&#363, although the latter had helped them in the battle of Nadau&#7751 (1691) against a Mu<u>gh</u>al general sent against them by the governor of Jamm&#363. They made an alliance with the Ka&#7789och ruler of K&#257&#7749g&#7771&#257 and several other chiefs, attacking Anandpur more than once, but each time Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh repulsed their onslaught.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On Bais&#257kh&#299 day, 30 March 1699, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh carried out the supreme task of his career converting the <i>sa&#7749gat</i> into <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257. Instructions had been sent out during the previous year to <i>sa&#7749gats, </i> or Sikh communities, in various parts not to recognize any longer the <i>masands</i> as the Gur&#363's representatives and to come to Anandpur for the following Bais&#257kh&#299 festival in large numbers. They had also been asked to come, where practicable, mounted. On the appointed day a massive assembly took place in the Fort of Kesga&#7771h at Anandpur. As all sat rapt in the morning service, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh, according to one of the earlier sources, Kuir Si&#7749gh, <i>Gurbil&#257s P&#257tsh&#257h&#299 10, </i> made a dramatic appearance, a naked sword in his hand, and asked if any one of the assembly would be willing to offer his head to him. The audience were benumbed to hear this strange demand . Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh repeated his call twice. At the third call, one Day&#257 R&#257m, a Khatr&#299 from Lahore, offered himself. The Gur&#363 took him into an adjoining enclosure. After a while he returned, his sword dripping blood, and asked for another head. This time, Dharam D&#257s, a Ja&#7789 from Hastin&#257pur, came forward and was led to the enclosure as had been his predecessor. Likewise, three other disciples, Mohkam Chand, a washerman from Dv&#257rk&#257, Himmat, a water carrier from Jagann&#257th, and S&#257hib Chand, a barber from Bidar, in the South, offered themselves. The fear of the <i>sa&#7749gat</i> turned to amazement and wonder when, soon after, the Gur&#363 led the five back, all dressed alike in saffron coloured gowns with neatly tied turbans on their heads and swords dangling by their sides. Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh administered to the Five vows of baptism, giving them five palmsful of <i>amrit</i>or sweetened elixir sanctified by recitation over it of holy hymns and stirred with a steel <i>kha&#7751&#7693&#257</i>, double edged sword, and introduced them to the <i>sa&#7749gat</i> as his <i>pañj pi&#257re, </i> Five Beloved. He announced that with the baptism of the Pañj Pi&#257re he had inaugurated the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257, a brotherhood of holy soldiers who would be distinguised by five symbols all beginning with the letter k', viz. <i>kes</i> (uncut hair), <i>ka&#7749<u>gh</u>&#257</i> (comb), <i>kachchh&#257</i> (pair of shorts), <i>ka&#7771&#257</i> (steel bracelet) and <i>kirp&#257n</i> (sword). The <u>kh</u>&#257ls&#257 were vowed to live up to the highest moral and ethical standards and to be ever ready to fight tyranny and injustice. They were to recognize no distinctions of caste, creed or status. The Gur&#363 himself stood up before the Pa&#328j Pi&#257re and begged with folded hands to be admitted to their ranks. Several thousands followed on that and on subsequent days to receive the rites of initiation by the double-edged sword. Anandpur thus became the birthplace of the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257. It is known commonly as <i><u>Kh</u>&#257lse d&#299 v&#257s&#299</i> (Home of the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257).</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The emergence of the <u>Kh</u>&#257ls&#257 caused panic among the chiefs of the surrounding hill principalities and they planned together strategy to dislodge the Gur&#363 from Anandpur. They sent to him emissaries who assured him on oath that they would forever cease troubling him and his Sikhs if only he would temporarily leave his citadel and move out of the town. At the same time, they secretly sought armed assistance from the Mu<u>gh</u>al <i>faujd&#257r</i> of Sirhind in order to encircle Anandpur and force the Gur&#363 out of the town. Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh left Anandpur but, still suspicious of the r&#257j&#257s' intentions, encamped at the village of Hardo Namoh, 4 km south of K&#299ratpur, taking up a tactically viable defensive position. He was attacked by the hill chiefs from the north and by the Mu<u>gh</u>al contingents equipped with cannon from the south. These attacks, which according to Bha&#7789&#7789 Vah&#299s took place on 7, 12 and 13 October 1700, were repulsed and on 14 October, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh and his Sikhs broke the cordon and crossed the River Sutlej into Basohl&#299, a small chiefship friendly with the Gur&#363. This action is known as the battle of Nirmohga&#7771h. As soon as the imperial troops withdrew, the Gur&#363 reoccupied Anandpur. The hill chiefs then waited upon Emperor Aura&#7749gz&#299b and warning him of the new danger that the rise of the <i>Kh</i>&#257ls&#257 spelt for his kingdom, entreated him to take some severe measures. Himself critically engaged in dealing with the Mar&#257&#7789h&#257 insurrection in the South, the emperor ordered the governor of Lahore and the <i>faujd&#257r</i> of Sirhind to act in this behalf in concert with the hill chiefs. A combined force marched upon Anandpur and laid siege to the town in May 1705. The Gur&#363 and his Sikhs withstood their repeated assaults for several months despite scarcity of provisions resulting from the prolonged blockade. The besiegers were eventually tired out and offered on solemn oath safe exit to the Gur&#363 and the Sikhs if they evacuated Anandpur. Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh along with his family and men left the town during the night of 5-6 December 1705.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before departing, the Gur&#363 directed one of his Sikhs, Gurba<u>kh</u>sh, an Ud&#257s&#299 by faith, to stay behind to look after the local <i>sa&#7749gat</i> and the shrines, especially the one commemorating the site where Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur's head had been cremated. Years later, as the situation permitted, Gul&#257b R&#257i and Shy&#257m Si&#7749gh, sons of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh's first cousin, D&#299p Chand, who had since the evacuation of Anandpur taken refuge with the friendly R&#257j&#257 of N&#257han, came back. Gul&#257b R&#257i purchased the town of Anandpur from the R&#257j&#257 of Bil&#257spur and pretending to be a successor to Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh established his own religious seat, remonstrances from Gurba<u>kh</u>sh Ud&#257s&#299 notwithstanding. All the four sons of Gul&#257b R&#257i had predeceased him. His widow managed the affairs for some time, but soon died having bequeathed the <i>gadd&#299</i> to So&#7693h&#299 Surjan Si&#7749gh, a grandson of Shy&#257m Si&#7749gh. After the conquest of the Punjab by the Sikhs, several rulers and chiefs made rich endowments to the shrines which continued to be managed by the local So&#7693h&#299 family until the rise of the Gurdw&#257r&#257 reform or the Ak&#257l&#299 movement in the early 1920's. The shrines at Anandpur were occupied by the Ak&#257l&#299s on 12 January 1923; they were formally handed over to the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee by the local So&#7693h&#299s on 15 March 1923. The historic shrines are now managed by the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Gurdw&#257r&#257 Parbandhak Committee Amritsar, through a manager appointed by it. The Jathed&#257r of Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib is an ex-officio member of the Shiroma&#7751&#299 Committee. The shrines are :</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TA<u>KH</u>T SR&#298 KESGA&#7770H S&#256HIB is the principal shrine at Anandpur. Resplendent in its white marble glory, the shrine stands on a hillock and marks the site of the Kesga&#7771h Fort where the historic Bais&#257kh&#299 congregation of 1699 had taken place. The present complex was constructed during 1936-44 under the supervision of Sant Har&#299 Si&#7749gh Kah&#257rpur&#299. Being on a slope, the complex has two levels protected by retaining walls on the sides. On the lower level, approached by a flight of steps is the imposing two-storeyed gateway, offices, and a 30-metre square courtyard. The level on which stands the main building is 2. 5 metres higher than the courtyard. The 16-metre square hall with a balcony in front contains within it the sanctum, a 5. 5 metre square room in which some old weapons preserved as sacred relics from the time of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh are displayed on a low platform. The Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib is seated under a canopy outside the sanctum, above which rises a fluted lotus dome topped by a tall ornamental pinnacle of gilded metal, and a gilded <i>kha&#7751&#7693&#257</i> as a finial. On the roof, corners of the hall and the balcony are adorned with domed kiosks. Gur&#363 k&#257 La&#7749gar is on the lower level behind the central building. The lower slopes of the Kesga&#7771h hill are covered with rows of residential rooms for staff and pilgrims. This complex is collectively known as Dashmesh Niv&#257s. A 55-metre square <i>d&#299v&#257n</i> hall, about 150 metres east of the central building, was added during the 1980's to cater for large congregations on festival occasions. A <i>sarovar</i> or bathing tank, 80-metre square, in a walled compound is situated at ground level to the west of the Ta<u>kh</u>t S&#257hib and close to the Ropa&#7771-Na&#7749gal road. The relics placed in the inner sanctum of Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib include a <i>kha&#7751&#7693&#257</i>, a <i>ka&#7789&#257r</i> (dagger), a <i>saif</i> (double-edged straight tapering sword), a muzzle-loading musket, a spear known as <i>karp&#257 barchh&#257</i>, and a <i>n&#257ga&#7751&#299</i> (a kind of spear with a twisted and pointed blade). Another set of weapons also believed to have once belonged to Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh, which had been taken away by the British to England after the occupation of the Punjab in 1849 and which had been brought back from there at the time of the celebration of the 300th birth anniversary of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh in 1966-67 are now on display here.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURWD&#256R&#256 QIL&#256 ANANDGA&#7770H S&#256HIB is situated on another spur, about 800 metres southeast of Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib. It is a newly constructed building though marks of the old, original structure are also still traceable. The present building complex was raised during the 1970's by Sant Sev&#257 Si&#7749gh (d. 1982) whose successors are now managing and further developing it. Earlier, during the 1930's, Kart&#257r Si&#7749gh Kal&#257sv&#257l&#299&#257 had got a fort-like building constructed which is still intact on top of the hillock. The present Gurdw&#257r&#257, separated from this building by a spacious terrace paved with slabs of streaked marble, is a 15-metre square hall with an 8x3 metre porch in front. The 6-metre square sanctum within the hall has above it a lotus dome topped with a gilded pinnacle and <i>kha&#7751&#7693a</i> as a finial. The entire wall surface has a facing of streaked marble. This building was completed in 1970. The water level of an old <i>b&#257ol&#299</i>, a stepped well 4-metre in diametre, is approached through a covered passage. The <i>b&#257ol&#299</i> has 135 marbled steps. At the lower levels on the eastern flank of the main building are a spacious hall for Gur&#363 k&#257 La&#7749gar constructed in 1972, and 300 rooms for pilgrims and administrators.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 QIL&#256 FATEHGA&#7770H S&#256HIB, situated on the northern outskirts of the town of Anandpur, marks the site of another fortress bearing this name. The present building was constructed during the late 1980's under the supervision of the successors of Sant Sev&#257 Si&#7749gh of Qil&#257 Anandpur. The Gurdw&#257r&#257 is a two storeyed domed building. In front of it is an old well which once served the needs of Fatehga&#7771h Fort.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 QIL&#256 LOHGA&#7770H S&#256HIB, one and a half kilometre southwest of Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib, marks the site of the fort of that name constructed by Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh to protect the riverside flank. It was here that Bh&#257&#299 Bachittar Si&#7749gh faced and turned back a drunken elephant which the hill chiefs, during their siege of Anandpur in 1700, had sent to batter down the gate of this fort. The present building, octagonal in shape and three-storeyed high with a dome on top, was constructed during the late 1980's.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 HOLGA&#7770H S&#256HIB stands on the site of Holgarh Fort, one and a half km northwest of the town across the Charan Ga&#7749g&#257 rivulet. It was here that Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh introduced in the spring of 1701, the celebration of <i>hol&#257</i> on the day following the Hindu festival of colour throwing, <i>hol&#299</i>. Unlike the playful sprinkling of colours as is done during <i>hol&#299</i>, the Gur&#363 made <i>hol&#257</i> an occasion for Sikhs to 'demonstrate skills-at-arms in simulated battle. Hol&#257 or Hol&#257 Mahall&#257, became thereafter an annual tourney of warlike sports in Anandpur as long as the Gur&#363 stayed there. The observance of Hol&#257 Mahall&#257 was revived after the Sikhs had established their rule in Punjab. It is now the biggest festival of Anandpur. The <i>Mahall&#257</i> or the march on this occasion starting from the Ta<u>kh</u>t S&#257hib on the concluding day of the week-long festival ends at Holga&#7771h, where sports like fencing, coit-throwing and tent-pegging are held.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The present building, a three-storeyed octagonal, domed edifice, was constructed under the supervision of Sant Sev&#257 Si&#7749gh and was completed in 1970. The sanctum is in the middle of the marbled ground floor.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 M&#256T&#256 J&#298TO J&#298, built within a half acre enclosure just outside Agampur&#257 village, about 2 km northwest of Anandpur marks the site where the body of M&#257t&#257 J&#299to J&#299, wife of Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh, was cremated in December 1700. The present three storeyed domed building was completed in 1972. The 4-metre square sanctum marked off by four pillars is in the middle of the square hall on the ground floor. The fluted lotus dome on top of the building has a gold plated pinnacle and a gilded <i>kha&#7751&#7693&#257</i> as finial.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 MAÑJ&#298 S&#256HIB also called Dam&#257lga&#7771h located close to the precincts of Ta<u>kh</u>t Sr&#299 Kesga&#7771h S&#257hib is dedicated to Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh's sons who used this place for learning and practising martial skills. The double-storey domed building of the shrine stands in the middle of a 20-metre square marble paved compound. Its 3-metre square sanctum is in the middle of a 15-metre square hall on the ground floor.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 S&#298S GAÑJ S&#256HIB within the town is sacred to Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur whose head was cremated here in November 1675. A memorial shrine in the form of a platform within a small room was got constructed over the ashes by Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh himself. At the time of the evacuation of Anandpur in December 1705, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh especially entrusted it to the care of Gurba<u>kh</u>sh Ud&#257s&#299. The renovation and enlargement of the monument were carried out under the supervision of B&#257b&#257 Sev&#257 Si&#7749gh of Anandga&#7771h during the early 1970's. The original pavement in the front compound with old N&#257naksh&#257h&#299 bricks arranged in geometrical patterns is still intact. The two-storey building with a pinnacled dome provides a 4. 5-metre wide covered circumambulatory passage supported on exquisitively designed marble columns around the inner sanctum where the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib is seated.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AK&#256L BU&#7748G&#256 opposite Gurdw&#257r&#257 S&#299s Gañj within the same compound is a small shrine housed in an old building said to have been built by a <i>puj&#257r&#299</i>, priest, M&#257n Si&#7749gh in 1889. It comprises a pentagonal room on either side of a masonry pedestal on which the Gur&#363 Granth S&#257hib is seated behind glass panels. The pedestal marks the spot sitting where during the obsequies of his father, Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh delivered a sermon to his followers.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 DAMDAM&#256 S&#256HIB stands, along with Tha&#7771&#257 S&#257hib and Bhor&#257 S&#257hib in the same compound, close to S&#299s Gañj, formerly called Gur&#363 ke Mahal, i. e. residential quarters of Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur. Damdam&#257 S&#257hib marks the site where the Gur&#363 used to sit while receiving and addressing visiting <i>sa&#7749gats</i>. The ceremony of installing Gur&#363 Gobind Si&#7749gh as Gur&#363 was performed here. The present domed octagonal building was constructed during the early decades of the 20th century.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THA&#7770&#256 S&#256HIB, an half-a-metre high and 5-metre square marble-paved platform stands in the open space in front of Damdam&#257 S&#257hib. It was here that Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur received the group of Kashm&#299ri Pa&#7751&#7693its who called on him in 1675.</p> <p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GURDW&#256R&#256 BHOR&#256 S&#256HIB, a three-storeyed domed building close to Damdam&#257 S&#257hib, was a part of Gur&#363 ke Mahal. Here in a <i>bhor&#257</i> (basement) Gur&#363 Te<u>gh</u> Bah&#257dur used to retire for solitary meditation. A 1. 5-metre square and half a metre high platform in the middle of the present basement marks the site of the original <i>bhor&#257. </i> The Holy Book is now seated on a platform on the ground floor. Extension of this Gurdw&#257r&#257 involving blocks for Gur&#363 k&#257 La&#7749gar and residential accommodation is in progress.</p> </font> <p class="BIB"> BIBLIOGRAPHY<p class="C1"><ol class="C1"><li class="C1"> Trilochan Singh, <i>Guru Tegh Bahadur : Prophet and Martyr. </i> Delhi, 1967<BR> <li class="C1"> Harbans Singh, <i>Guru Tegh Bahadur. </i> Delhi, 1982<BR> <li class="C1"> Anand, Balwant Si&#7749gh, <i>Guru Tegh Bahadur: A Biography. </i> Delhi, 1979<BR> <li class="C1"> Fauja Singh, and G. S. Talib, <i>Guru Tegh Bahadur - Martyr and Teacher. </i> Patiala, 1975<BR> <li class="C1"> Macauliffe, M. A. , <i>The Sikh Religion. </i> Oxford, 1909<BR> <li class="C1"> Kuir Si&#7749gh, <i>Gurbil&#257s P&#257tsh&#257h&#299 10. </i> Patiala, 1968<BR> <li class="C1"> Santokh Si&#7749gh, <i>Sr&#299 Gur Prat&#257p S&#363raj Granth. </i> Amritsar, 1926-37<BR> <li class="C1"> &#7788h&#257kar Singh Gi&#257n&#299, <i>Sr&#299 Gurdu&#257re Darshan. </i> Amritsar, 1923<BR> <li class="C1"> T&#257r&#257 Si&#7749gh, <i>Sr&#299 Gur T&#299rath Sa&#7749grahi</i>. Amritsar, n. d.<BR> </ol><p class="CONT">Major Gurmukh Si&#7749gh (Retd.)<br></p><BR> </font> <img src="counter.aspx" width="1px" height="1px" alt=""> </HTML></BODY>